Variable density seismic section printer



E. H. MEIER ET AL VARIABLE DENSITY SEISMIC SECTION PRINTER 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 12-, 1961 Original Filed Oct. 29. 1953 E 0'! It MEIER JAHES J. #04 JESSE 0. SKEUM INVENTORS E/MLQ n. msme W mommy Dec. 12, 1961 E. H. MEIER ETA]. 3,012,474

.VARIABLE DENSITY SEISMIC SECTION PRINTER Original Filed Oct. 29. 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 50m HJIEIEI? JAME ff "IVE/{MKS JE 0.8 L GEM #155717? 0! U. 7 HIM/If) Dec. 12, 1961 E. H. MEIER ETAI. 3,012,474

VARIABLE DENSITY SEISMIC SECTION PRINTER Original Filed Oct. 29, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 EDWIN HJIEIER JAMES J.ROARK JESSE DQSKELTON INVENTORS GERALD H. WEBSTER av Q 7 ATTORNEY Dec. 12, 1961 E. H. MEIER ETAL 3,012,474

VARIABLE DENSITY SEISMIC SECTION PRINTER Original Filed Oct. 29, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 JAMES JJMARK JESSE 0.5KELTOII INVENTORS GEIHLD H. WEBSTER BY monmzv Dec. 12, 1961 E. H. MEIER ETAL 3,012,474

VARIABLE DENSITY SEISMIC SECTION PRINTER Original Filed Oct. 29, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 ORIGINAL RECORDS PORTION OF PRINTED SEISMIC SECTION FIG."6

L{Edwin HJ. Neierk ames oar Jesse D. Skehon Inventors Gerald M. Webster Byw. Attorney United States Patent 3,012,474 Patented Dec. 12, 1961 "ice , seismic waves from each disturbance are detected at a Continuation of application Ser. No. 389,136, Oct. 29,

1953. This application Mar. 15, 1957, Ser. No. 646,956 18 Claims. (CI. 83-24) The present invention relates to a device for preparing seismic cross-sections from variable density photographic seismic records. This application is a continuation of patent application Serial No. 389,136, filed October 29', 1953, now abandoned, in the name of Edwin H. Meier, James J. Roark, Jesse D. Skelton, and Gerald M. Webster. In particular, it relates to a. device for transferring such seismic records a trace at -a time.to a second record medium where the records may be arranged in side-byside relation while imparting to each trace desired corrections for diiferences in elevations and diiferences in thickness of the weathered layer at each detection point, and the like. A particular feature of the device comprises means for incorporating an automatic correction for spread, i.e., an allowance for the added travel time required for waves to travel to detection points of increasing remotenessfrom the seismic source.

The general method of seismic exploration wherein a seismic disturbance is initiated at a'selected point in the earth and reflected seismic waves are detected at a plurality of points spread out in a desired pattern has long been known. Briefly the method consists in picking up the detected waves with sensitive detectors known as geophones, whichtranslate the detected motion into electrical impulses, which, after amplification, are recorded on a seismograph. The conventional seismograph record comprises a paper or film carrying a plurality of wave forms or tracesrepresentative of the seismic waves that have been picked up by the individual geophones, suitably amplified, and fed to recording galvanometers.. These traces are essentially rectangular coordinate. graphs .of geophone velocitytor displacement, or acceleration, depending on the type ofgeophone used) versus time. The record is provided by wellknown means withsuitable timing marks so that when the se'ismograph record or seismogramis later examineddtj is possible jto determine the length of time requiredfor the arrival of seismic waves at any particular point on thecarths surface either directly from the source or by reflection from underlying strata. From. other data obtained innthe area. being studied, such as seismic wave velocities in the various earthlayers, it is then possible to estimate the depths of the various reflecting substrata. 1

Oscillograph records of detected seismic waves ob tained as just desuribed when made in favorable areas may often be 6X2 nined' visually to pick out prominent reflections; which will show up as similar transients on the. adjacent tracv l on the record. 1 However, in many plurality of points spaced from the initiating point of the seismic disturbance. The detected waves are converted into electrical impulses and recorded in the form of variable density photographic records, which are charac- 1 terized by having essentially the same width throughout their length and being made .up of transverse striations that vary in density in accordance with variations in the recorded signal. The impulses from the several detection points for each seismic disturbance are recorded simultaneously sideby-side in arrival time relationship much in the manner disclosed in the aforementioned Rieber.

patent.

It is an object of the present invention toprovide ap paratus for transferring variable density seismic records obtained from a selected seismic traverse onto a second recording medium while imparting to the records certain corrections so that the records may be assembled in sideby-side relation to give a photographic representation of the various detected reflections over an entire seismic section. It is another object of the invention to provide means for automatically imparting a spread correction to each trace of a seismic record while transterring it toa second recording medium.

In accordance with the present invention a variablev density seismic record is projected a trace at a time to a second record medium. Means are provided to shift the film record lengthwise to incorporate computed time corrections for each trace to convert the indicated arrival times of the recorded impulses on that trace .to a commonda'turn. Means are also provided for making a continuous spread correction along the trace.

The .nature and objects of the invention and the manner in which the invention may be practiced willbe more.

clearly understood from the ensuing description when.

read. in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of one form of assembled apparatus embodying the invention With a por- FIGURE 4 is a schematic representation of a vertical; section of earth along a selected seismic profile showing the geometry involved in making thespread correction; FIGURE 5 is a diagram representing the function of the continuous spread corrector device of this invention; and FIGURE 6 is a photographic reproduction of a'pair 'of variable density seismic records and of a portion of elements of the structure have been removedfrom each instances: such refections are difficult to pick out because are described, for example, in US. Patent 2,051,153 of Frank Richer.

In making variable density; seismic records, a seismic profile is run in the more or less conventional manner whereby seismic disturbancesareinitiated successively at.

a plurality 'of points arranged adjacent the earths. surface in a selected profile patternand the resulting reflected of these figures in order to show details that would otherwise be obscured, but any element missing from one figure will be found a on the other figure. The seismic section printingdevice is mounted on a base 11 which may be in the form of a table supported on legs 12 of suitable height so thatthe device may be conveniently utilized.

A pair of brackets 13 fixed 'to the base, support a lathe bed on which a spread corrector carriage 15 rests, the

ri'age 15 and ha'sraised block members 22 and 23 at each end; One of these block members 22 threadedly receives the rod 19 so that rotation of the latter by knurled knob 59 will shift the record holder plate 21 laterally with respect'to carriage 15. The remaining block portion 23 slidably receives guide pin 20. A roller (not shown) positioned under block 23 supports the end of record holder plate 21"so that nonev of the weight of the plate is supported by guide pin 20, the latter merely guiding the lateral motion of the plate 21.

A scanner carriage 25 is supported by the lathe bed 14 and is arranged for slidable motion lengthwise of the lathe bed 14, this travel being effected by a scanner drive screw 26 drivenv by a pulley 27 which in turn is driven by' a belt 28 run by a motor (not shown) supported underneath the base. s

Fixed to the scanner carriage 25 and extending over the top of'record holder plate 21 is a lamp'bracket 29 (FIG. 1) supporting a lamp housing 30 above opening 24 in therecord holder plate. Also held by scanner carriage 25 and positioned below record holder plate 21 and in vertical alignment with the lamp housing 30 is a lens housing 31. Fastened to the bottom edge of housing 31 is a sliding light shield 32 which fits slidably within the shield guide 33 that is fastened to a light-tight cover 34 resting on base 11. Guide 33 has a longitudinal openmg 35 to permit travel of the housing 31 lengthwise'of the guide. Light shield 32 is preferably made of light gauge metal such as shim stock so that the ends that would otherwise protrude when the housing 31 is at 4 and 5.

either end of its travel can roll up, within the curved ends of the guide 33.

Positioned within the space defined by cover 34 and base 11 is a time'correction plate'36 that is slidably sup-' ported on rods 39 by means of bearings 3-8, the rods 39 111 turn being supported above base 11 by brackets 37 fastened to the base. The correction plate 36 can be moved lengthwise of the rods 39 by means of'a threaded rod 40 that is supported by bracket 41 and that drives a nut 42 fastened to plate 36. 'Rod 40 may be turned by crank 43.

Slidablysupported above time correction plate 36 on rods (not shown) similar to rods 39 is'a film support tray 47. The rods that support tray 47 are held by brackets, similar to brackets 37, mounted on plate 36. Tray 47 may be moved in a direction transverse to that of the motion of plate 36 by means of a threaded rod 45 that drives a nut 46 that is fastened to tray 47.. Rod 45 1s supported by a bearing bracket 44 mounted on plate 36. In order that the positions of plate 36 and tray 47 can both be adjusted from" the same side of the device, rod 45 is driven by a second rod-"49 through meshing gears 48. Rod 49 is supported by bracket 51 and may be turned by crank 52. A bearing 53 mounted on my 36 slidably-receives rod 49. The box that contains the film onto which theseismic record is to be transferred may be'placed on tray 47 by removing the door 57 from the front of cover 34. This operation will be discussed further in connection with FIGURE, 3. 1

It now remains to describe the spread corrector mechamsm, which is a particular feature of this invention. "It

will'be noted that spread corrector carriage 15 isurged" in the direction toward'pulley 27 by means of aspring 55 held by bracket 54 that in turn'is attached to the lathe bed 14. Thespread corrector carriageis urged'to travel 1H theopposite direction by a strap 65 that is attached at one endto the spread corrector carriage and at the other end to the spread corrector anchor strip 62byineans of' fasteners '66. jAnchor strip 62 is supportedLon spread corrector mounting block 60 which in turn is'fastened to e/lathe bed '14. Themounting block 60 is'shape'd in the formof an up-turned U and supports between its sides a uide pin 61 and a threaded rod 63. The anchor strip 62 is slidably held by thj'e' guide pin. 61'and'can'be moved toward either side of the mount g block 60 by V respect to the housing 31. The image projected by the,

. H 4 means of the threaded rod 63 when turned by knurled knob 64. I

Supported on the scanner carriage 25 by means of a bracket 71 is a spread corrector pin 72 that presses against the tape 65. It will be seen that if anchor strip 62 is so positioned that the tape 65 is moved out of alignment with the direction of travel of the scanner carriage 25, thepin 72 will press against the tapeand move the carriage 15 toward themounting block 60 as the'scanner carriage 25 moves in the same direction. The manner in which this action serves to impart a'spread correction will be explained more fully in connection with FIGURES Details of the optical system are shown in FIGURE 3. A suitable lamp is placed within housing 30 and directs a beam of light through the record 91 that is held between the two glass plates that are placed over opening 24 and the record holder plate 21. The light passes throgh a pair of lenses 81 and 82 positioned adjacent the top and bottom of the lens housing 31. Two lenses are employed so that the image will not be reversed. Positioned between the two lenses 8'1 and 82 is a shutter and aperture arrangement comprising a pair of aperture 'plates 83 supported by the housing 31 and presenting a central opening. A pair of shutter plates 84 arranged at right angles to the aperture plates are slidably supported by means of blocks 85, one pair of which can move slidably on pin 87 that is supported by the front and back walls of the housing 3 1; The other pair of blocks 86 threadedl y engage a skatescrew88 threaded at oneend' in the opposite direction to the threads at the other end so that as the screw 88 is turned in either direction by means of knob 89 (FIG. 1) the two plates 84 will move toward or away from each other at an equal rate. Thus, regardless of the size of the opening defined by plates '83 and 84, the opening will at all times be centered with lenses 81 and 82 t-hrough'an opening in shield 32 falls on the film or equivalent photographic medium 93 that is held fiat within box 92 by meansof a glass plate 94 placed over the film.

To place the film in position in the printer, the film 1S loaded in the box '92 in a dark room, the glass plate 94 is.

placed over the film and then an opaque slide that fits into groove 95 is placed over the glass plate, thus excluding all light from the film. The door 57 is then removed on the printer, the box 92 is inserted onto the tray 47, and the door 5-7 is replaced. The opaque slide (not shown) extends out beyond the box and will protrude through the slit 58 in the door 57. slit is felt-lined so as to prevent light from entering therethrough. After the door has been replaced on the printer, the slide is removed through the slit 58 and the film is ready for the receipt of the projected images from the lens system. When it is later desired to remove the film from the printer, the above steps are reversed; namely, the opaque slide is inserted throughthe slit 58, the door is removed and the box is then taken out of the printer.

j The operation of the printer will now be described. The seismic record that is to be transferred to the film is placed between the two glass plates 90 and the plates and film are placed in the opening 24 in the record holder plate 21. Index lines-98'and 99 are scribed in one of the glass plates 90 as a convenience in positioning the variable density record. These lines are shown in FIG. 3 in the top glass plate forease of illustration, but it is preferred that they be scribed in the bottom glass plate for greater convenience, as it v. is then possible to keep the lower glass plate permanently; fixed to the record holder tional practice with which persons skilled in the art of seismic prospecting are familiar.

Any selected trace may be lined up with the index line 98 on the glass plate 90 and the trace to be copied can then be placed in alignment with the beam from the projecting lamp by turning knob 59. A counter 69 driven by threaded rod 19 facilitates the setting of each trace. The counter 69 can be calibrated in any desired manner and conveniently is calibrated so as to indicate the width of the individual traces.

After a trace has been selected fro projection, fixed time correctionsare applied to that trace by shifting the film 93 lengthwise of the lathe bed. This is done by turning crank 43, the extent of the shift being measured by counting mechanism 76. Conveniently counter 76 can be calibrated for millisecond of time corrections where all of the records being handled have been made in standardized recording equipment. Here again the application of time corrections to an individual seismic record when computing seismic wave travel times is familiar to persons skilled in c the art of seismic prospecting. The direct analogy between imparting a physical shift in the record for differences in wave travel time due to differences in elevation for each geophone with respect to a selected datum, correction for low velocity weathered layer thick ness, and the like, and a similar mathematical correction when computing seismic records in the conventional manner will bereadily apparent to such persons.

The particular portion of the film onto which each individual trace is projected is, selected by turning crank 52. After a given trace has been projected, the film can be moved a selected distance laterally so thatthe next trace that is projected will abut the previous trace. By selecting the amount the film, is moved laterally for each trace, a selected degree of vertical to horizontal exaggeration in the printed section can be obtained. The amount by which the film is moved for each trace is measured by counter 77. The latter counter is conveniently calibrated in feet or tens of feet between adjacent geophones.

In order that the adjacent traces that are projected will abut each other regardless of the selected width of the projected traces, the distance between shutter plates 84 must be selected to correspond to the amount of shift imparted for each projected trace. This is conveniently done by calibrating the scale 100jassociated with the shutter mechanism so that it corresponds numerically with the indicated shift on counter 77. Before each trace is projected, another setting is made on the printer to apply the proper spread correction. This is done by turning knob 64 to shift the anchor strip 62 laterally a selected distance. The amount of shift is indicated bycounter mechanism 74 which is driven by threaded rod 63. Convenientlycounter 74 can be calibrated to indicate directly the distance in feet or tensof feet between the shot point and the particular geophone whose trace is being projected. i

For each trace that is to be printed a spread correction is also set into the printer. As is well known in seismic computing, the spread correction makes allowance for the added time required for a wave to travel along each slant ray path from the seismic shot to the reflectinglayer and back to each succeeding geophone. While the corrections other than spread correction will be constant for each individual trace of the seismic record throughoutits length, the spread correction will change with time along the record because of the difference in travelangle to the deeper subsurface beds whose reflections are picked up later on the record. The spread corrector device in the printer of the present invention is adapted to apply this spread correction automatically at each trace is scanned along its length. It is merely necessary to turn knob 64 so as to shift the spread corrector anchor strip 62 a distance laterally that corresponds to the distance between the shot point and the particular geophone from relation to each other.

which the trace being printed has been obtained. Conveniently, counter 74, which is driven by rod 63 when knob 64 is turned, can be calibrated in feet or tens of feet when the printer has been standardized with the time scale on the seismic record. c

The manner in which the spread correction is automatically incorporated into the projected record during the scanning of the original record can be understood from a study of FIGS. 4 and 5.. Referring first to FIG. 4, which is a simple geometric figure representing a vertical section of earth along a selected seismic profile, it is assumed that line G represents a selected portion of the surface of the ground with an explosive shot placed near the surface at point A and a geophone on the surface at point C. Seismic energy in traveling from the shot to the geophone as a reflected wave from a subsurface layer represented by line R at a depth d takes. the path A-BC. The time of travel from the inst-ant of detonation of the shot to the time that a reflection from subsurface R reaches point C is proportional to the distance A'B-C, whereas the actual depth of interest is represented by d. If a perpendicular line is drawn from point C to line R and the triangle thus defined whose hyptoenuse is BC is folded over on line R, an enlarged triangle ACD is obtained in which the distances of interest are more clearly presented. Thus, the distance A--BD is exactly the same as the distance A--BC and the distance C-D is twice the distance d. In the triangle ACD the distance A-C, which may be represented by x, is equivalent to the spacing between the geophone and the shot point. The distance A-D, which may be represented by z, is equivalent to the length of the actual travel path of a reflected wave in traveling from point A to the reflecting layer R and then to the geophone C. Likewise, the distance CD, which may be represented by y, is the distance the reflected wave would have travelled if the travel path were truly vertical. In terms of travel time, 1 is the actual travel time for the recorder event and y is the travel time to which it is desired to correct the record. The triangle ACD can be directly applied to the spread corrector mechanism as shown in FIG. 5. Thus the distance x, i.e. the distance from the shot point to the geophone, will have as its equivalent in FIG. 5 the distance x, which is the distance the end of tape 65 that is attached to the anchor strip 62 is displaced laterally from the straight line projection of the major portion of the tape. The distance y, which will change as successive portions of the record are scanned by'the lamp 80, will at all times be proportionalto the distance y in FIG. 4 since the pin 72 and the lamp 80 are in fixed It will then be seen that z in FIG. 5 must correspond to the distance 1 in FIG. 4.

Since the tape 65 is of constant length, the shifting of anchor strip 62 laterally will cause the record holder plate21 to be moved lengthwise of the lathe bed. When x is zero, i.e. when no lateral adjustment has been made in anchor strip -62, y and 1' will be identical in length and the righthand edge. of record holder plate 21 will be in the position shown by dot-tedline 21a. However,

for a displacement x of anchor strip 62, the plate 21 will be moved lengthwise of the lathe bed against the tension of spring 55 a distance equal to length z minus length y. Inasmuch as this difference is equivalent to the amount of correction that it is desired to incorporate into the record, it will be seen that the spread correction is automatically imparted for any reflection depth. Becauseof'the fact that the distance z. minus y changes as. the record is scanned from one end to the other when a displacement x? has been set into the printer, it is desirable to have the, opening defined by the apertureplates 83 (FIG. 3) small to prevent smearing.

After the correction has been set into the printer for a selected individual trace, as described, the lamp and the motor are turned on and the scanner carriage is driven from one end of its travel to the other, thus causing lamp 80 to project all of the portionsof the selected trace'onto the film or equivalent photographic medium 93. Preferably the circuit that supplies the lamp and motor is so designed that-when the scannercarriage has traversed the length of its travel a relay disconnects the lamp and reverses the motor so that the scanner carriage can return to its original position without any light being ,projeotcd through the record. Another relay then turns off the motor. It is also possible to arrange the circuit so that the carriage does notautomatically return to its original position but that instead, when the proper switch is again closed, the motor and lamp can be actuated to scan the next trace in the opposite direction. It has been found, however, that greater uniformity can be obtained if each trace is projected with the carriage travelling in the same direction. The circuits for turning on the lamp, starting and stopping the motor, and the like, are not illustrated here as their design is a simple matter.

Use of the printer of this invention enables the preparation of an entire seismic section by printing in sideby-side relation the records from a plurality of shot points and detection stations along a selected profile, the result being a general photographic representation of the various reflecting layers.

A photographic reproductionof two original seismic records and of a portion of a seismic section prepared from these records by using a printing apparatus built in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 6. To obtain the portion of the. seismic sectionC shown on the right-hand side of the figure the two records A and B were projected a trace at a time, the proper correctio-ns being incorporated into the printer for each trace and the traces being arranged side-by-side on the photographic medium receiving the projections. The improvement in lineup of the various reflections is readily apparent. The parallel white lines that appear in portion C of FIG. '6 were prepared by projecting a time line trace between the two center traces. of each record, an open ing having been punched in the film at each tent-h second'interval, which accounts for the evenly spaced dark spots along the time line traces. This procedure has been found to be convenient for making computations from the completed seismic section.

Although normally when using the apparatus of this invention the successive traces will be projected so that they will be placed in abutting relation, it is also possible to overlap the traces to some extent to produce a composite: effect asdescribed and claimed in cope nding' application Serial No. 243,643 of Gerald M. Webster, filed August 25, 1951, now US. Patent No. 2,710,661.

It is not intended that thescope of this invention be limited to the specific embodiments thereof that have been described in the foregoing specification, asmany modifications will occur to persons skilled in thefar t. The true scope of the invention is defined in the claims appended hereto.

What is claimed is: v r p 1. An apparatus for preparing corrected seismic records in the form of a side-by-side assembly ofvariable density traces which comprises a light-tight compartment having a cover provided with an elongated opening, a supportings'helf carrying a photographic medium within said compartment, a first'shelfadjusting means accessible from without said compartment to shift said shelf in a particular direction, along the plane of said shelf, a second; shelf adusting means accessible from said light source, ahold'er for atransparent seismic rec- 0rd arranged" between said light source, and ,saidlight shield, and means for shifting said seismic record holder lengthwise of said elongated opening an amount which is a function of the distance said light source has moved lengthwise of said elongated opening.

.2; An apparatus as defined by claim 1 including measuring means to indicate the extent of shift of said shelf in each of said directions.

3. An apparatus as defined p to shift said seismic record holder in a direction transverse to said elongated opening.

elongated opening, and including forcing means urging said holderin one lengthwise direction, tape anchoring means movable in a direction transverse to said elongated opening, an elongated tape fastened at one end to said record holder and at its other end to said tape anchoring means in a manner opposing the action of said forcing means, tape engaging means fixed to said light source and pressing against said tape and means to shift said tape anchoring means out of alignment with said tape whereby as'said light source traverses along the length of said elongated opening said. tape will urge said record holder to shift lengthwise as a function of the distance of travel of said light source. j

7. Apparatus as defined by claim 6 including measuring means to indicate the extent of shift of said tape anchoring'means. p 8. In an apparatus for transferring a signal trace. from a first photographic record medium to a second photo graphic medium by means of a light beam, said apparatus'including a light source, a first holder for supporting said first photographic record medium in the beam from said light source, a second holder for supporting said second photographic medium in the beam from said light source beyond said first medium and means for moving said light source lengthwise of a signal trace whereby said trace may be transferred .to said second record medium, means for shifting said first record medium holder with respect to said second record medium holder'in the direction of said. signal trace as a function of the position of said light source along said trace,

whereby to imp rt .a correction for Wave travel time for later reflection'events on 'said signal trace, which comprises forcing means urging said first holder in one direction lengthwise of said record trace, with respect to said second holder, an elongated tape .fixed at one endwith respect to said second holder and attached at its other end to said first holder in a manner opposing said forcing means, tape engaging means fixed to said Ii'ghtsource and pressing against saidtape, and means to' shift the first end of said tape'out of alignment with the major portion of the tape whereby said tape engaging means will cause said first holder to shift relative to saidsecond holder as said light source is moved along said trace.

9. An apparatus for preparing a corrected seismic rec-, 0rd fromfa seismic trace of thevariable density photo graphic type which comprises first mounting means for supporting a photosensitive film, means for movingsaid first mounting means and said photosensitive film longitudinally, a light source spaced from said photosensitive. film, means for moving said light source longitudinally along said photosensitivefilm, second mounting means substantially parallel to said first mounting means and positioned-vertically intermediate and spaced from'said light source and said photosensitive film, said secondby claim 1 including means 9 mounting means being adapted to support said seismic trace, light conductive means traveling said light source for projectingsuccessive portions of the 'image on the trace to successive portions of the photosensitive film, and means traveling with said light source for continuously changing the position of the "secondmounting means and said trace longitudinally with respect to the first mounting means and the photosensitive film whereby the record formed on the photosensitive film is corrected for spread errorswhich are present in the original record.

10. An apparatus for correcting a seismogram comprising a plurality of variable density traces into a corrected seismic section which comprises first mounting means adapted to receive a photosensitive film, second mounting means spaced from andin alignment with said firstmounting means, said second mounting means being adapted to support said seismogram, light projection means adapted to scan along the length of each variable density trace of the seismogram and to project and reproduce the scanned trace upon the photosensitive film, means to adjust said first mounting means laterally relative to the longitudinal dimension of each reproduced trace on the photosensitive film; means to adjust said first mounting means longitudinally relativetothe longitudinal dimension of each reproduced trace on the photosensitive film, and spread correction means responsive toscanning movement of said light-projection means along traces of said seismogram to continuously displace saidsecond mounting means longitudinally relative to said first mounting means, the longitudinal dimension of the second mounting means being substantially parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the variable density traces on the seismogram and the longitudinal dimension of the first mounting means being substantially parallel with the longitudinal dimension of the reproduced traces on the photosensitive film.

11. An apparatus for preparing a corrected seismic section in the form of a side-by-side assembly of variable density traces from a variable density photographic film record wherein the seismic impulses received from a plurality of detection points are recorded as side-by-side traces in arrival time relationship, which comprises first mounting means adapted to support a photographic film, a light source spaced from said first mounting means, second mounting means adapted to support said film record between said light source and said photographic film, said first mounting means and said second mounting means having a longitudinal dimension parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the variable density traces on the film record, means to effect lateral displacement between said first mounting means and said second mounting means, means to efiect longitudinal displacement between said first mounting means and said second mounting means, means to eifect a scanning movement of said light source along the length of each variable density trace of the film record, means to project and reproduce the scanned trace upon the photographic film, and spread correction means responsive to scanning movement of said light source to etfect a continuous longitudinal displacement of said second mounting means relative to said first mounting means.

12. An apparatus for translating a multi-trace variable density seismogram into a variable density section wherein fixed and spread corrections are incorporated into each trace which comprises first support means for supporting a photographic recording medium, a light source spaced from said medium, second support means for supporting a multi-trace variable density seismogram between said light source and said recording medium with the longitudinal dimensions of the seismogram traces parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the recording medium, means to direct a beam of light from said light source through a lateral segment of a trace on said seismogram and to thereby project the segment onto the recording medium, means to effect a predetermined longitudinal displacement between said recording medium and said seismogram, drive meansto efi'ec't longitudinal relative movement between said light source and both said recording medium and said seismogram to enable said light beam to progressively project an entire trace from said scismogram to said recording medium, spread correction means operable simultaneously'with said drive means" to displace said seismogram longitudinally relative to the recording medium a distance related to the position of saidlight source along said recording medium to enter a spread correction into the projected trace, means to effect lateral predetermined displacements between said light source and said recording'medium and said seismogram to effect aside-by-side assembly of the traces'projected onto the recording medium from the seismogram.

13. An apparatus for preparing a variable density seismic section from. the traces in a variable density multitrace seismogram wherein fixed and spread corrections are incorporated in the individual traces which comprises in combination: first support means adapted to supporta photographic record medium, second support means adapted to support a multi-trace variable density seismo gram in longitudinal alignment with and adjacent said record medium, a light source adapted to scan along the tracesof the seismogram with a beam of. light in a traceby-trace sequence and to project and record the traces on the record medium in a predetermined side-by-side relation, spread correction means responsive to the scanning movement of said light source to vary the longitudinal position of said seismogram relative to both said record medium and said light source continuously during the scan of each trace to incorporate spread corrections within the traces projected and recorded on the photographic record medium, means to effect predetermined longitudinal displacements between the individual traces on the seismogram and the corresponding traces projected and recorded on the photographic record medium to incorporate fixed corrections in the traces on the photographic record medium.

14. An apparatus as defined in claim 13 including means to vary the widths of the traces recorded on the recording medium.

15. In a system of seismic prospecting wherein a seismic disturbance is created at a shot point in the earth and the resulting waves of seismic energy are received at a plurality of detection points spaced in a preselected profile pattern from the shot point, and wherein the arrivel times of the Waves at the detection points are recorded as a seismogram in the form of variable density traces arranged in a side-by-side relation and in arrival-timerelationship, an apparatus for preparing a variable density section from the seismogram traces which comprises in combination mounting means adapted to support a photographic recording medium, -a light source adapted to project a beam of light toward said medium, means to support said variable density seismogram between said light source and said recording medium so as to enable said beam of light to pass through the seismogram, means to move said light source sequentially along each trace of said seismogram so as to project and record said traces in a trace-by-trace sequence and in a side-by-side relation upon said photographic recording medium, means to effect predetermined longitudinal displacements of the traces projected and recorded on said photographic recording medium relative to one another so as to refer the traces to a common time datum, analog computing means to subtract vectorially the time interval Y for a seismicwave to travel from said datum to and from a predetermined depth in the earth below each detection point from the time interval Z for a seismic wave to travel from the shot point referred to said datum to said predetermined depth and thence to the detection point referred to said datum, means responsive to said analog means to displace said seismogram supporting means longitudinally relative to both said light source and said recording medium for each time point along each trace e qrsl d nth e a i med i ne? wr on i t h ti e f ent Z .ni i jfe' f a h a d t 119 o ereby e r r a wr o s in the t ac n said recordingmediumQ 1 i e i 16. A seismic reproducing i and recording device for us e with a reproducible record comprising means for re producing signals 7 stored upon said reproducible record, means for re-r ecording upon a record mediumva trace corresponding to thejreproduced signals, andmeans for relatively displacing said medium and said reproducible record with respect to' time prior-to the re-recording in orderto introduce staticand dynamic time corrections. M 17.. A device for reproducing from a reproducible rec- 0rd signal traces uncorrected for elevational, weathering and spread elfects and for re-recording the reproduced sig nal tracessequentiallyon a single medium as a plurality of seismic traces corrected for elevational, weathering and spread 'efieets, comprising means for reproducing said signal traces. from said record, means for re-recording said reproduced signal traces one at a time .on said me dium as seismic traces, means for relatively time displacing said medium and said record prior to reproducing and re recor'ding each signal trace in order to introducedesired elevational, weathering and spread elfect time corrections. r 18.. A 'device for reproducing from a reproducible rec- Qrd signal "traces uncorrected for elevational, weathering,

and spread etleots and for re recording the reproduced signal traces sequentially on asingle medium as arplurality of seismic traces corrected for elevational, weathering and-spread effects, comprising means for reproducing from said record a plurality of signal traces, each corresponding to the'elastic wave energy arriving at a plurality of spaced apart s eisrnometers, means for sequentially rerecording said reproduced seismic signals on said medium as seismic traces, first means for relatively time displacing said mediumand said record prior to the reproducing and re-recording of each signal trace in order to compensate for the horizontal spaced apart positions of said seismometers, and second means for relatively time displacing said medium and said record prior to the reproducing and rerecording of each signal trace inorder to compensate for the dissimilar velocity of propagation of said wave energy through strata adjacent the earths surface and in order to relate all of the signals to a common time reference.

References Cited in the file of this patent V UNITED STATES PATENTS 

